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CHALLENGES FACING ACAS IN ASIA PACIFIC COUNTRIES
ACAs in Asia Pacific countries face many challenges in their efforts to minimise corruption. The three major
challenges facing these ACAs are the growing threat of private sector corruption, the continual battle against
police corruption, and the importance of attracting and retaining talented personnel.
A. Growing Threat of Private Sector Corruption
In many Asia Pacific countries, an important recent trend is that most of the corruption cases come from the
private sector rather than the public sector. Ernst and Young’s 12th Global Fraud Survey of 1,758 senior
executives in a sample of the largest companies in 43 countries, (including 200 respondents in China, Hong
Kong SAR, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore and Vietnam), conducted between November 2011 and
February 2012, found that bribery and corruption were widespread with 39 per cent of the respondents
reporting that bribery or corrupt practices had occurred frequently in their countries.89 Bribery was prevalent
in the business sector according to 72 per cent of the Indonesian respondents and 14 per cent of the
respondents from China. Fifty-four per cent of the Indian respondents indicated their willingness to use
entertainment to win or retain business.90
Among the 26 Asia Pacific countries included in Transparency International’s Global Corruption
Barometer 2013, the business or private sector was the most corrupt institution in Fiji only with a score of
3.6. Nepal’s business sector score of 3.5 placed it as the sixth most corrupt institution after political parties,
civil servants, police, parliament and judiciary.
91 Table 3 shows that among the nine institutions and groups
evaluated in the Asia Pacific Global Corruption Barometer for 2015-2017, tax officials and business
executives were ranked joint sixth with 29 per cent of the respondents indicating that “most” or “all” of them
were corrupt.
Table 3: Perceived Extent of Corruption by Institution or Group in 16 Asia Pacific Countries, 2015-2017
